Ground-level ozone is a highly reactive secondary pollutant. This pollution occurs when primary pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, react with sunlight. Ozone irritates the human lungs and is a major component of photochemical smog. Ground-level ozone contributes to photochemical smog with unpleasant odors and can affect lung function, especially in young children.
Ozone is formed at ground level by a chemical reaction between volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. The sun and high temperatures act as a catalyst for this reaction. Creating warm and dense urban spaces is therefore a major event. However, because ozone takes time to form, it should not remain in these countries. These pollutants can blow through the air before ozone begins to form, so small towns and rural areas can have high ozone levels.
Although Canada’s ozone-depleting emissions have declined in recent years (see data below), many countries still fail to meet air quality standards.
The pollutants responsible for depleting the ozone layer include hydrocarbons in cars, factories, and power plants. In urban areas, cars can be responsible for about 90% of this pollution. Nitrogen oxides and VOCs are released in the morning when cars go to work, and ozone is produced shortly after, usually in the evening.
Since pollution can travel on the winds where they are produced, ozone can travel around the world and can be produced much more safely. However, if there is a level of investment in the production area, pollution can “clog” large congested cities and create dangerous levels of smog.
Because of its activity, ground-level ozone can also have significant effects on humans, even near the ground. These include shortness of breath, fever, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. People suffering from asthma, bronchitis, bronchitis, and heart disease may experience an increase in symptoms when exposed to earthworms. It can also lower the body’s immune system and increase the risk of colds. Thyroid function can be particularly devastating.
Ground-level ozone can be harmful to plant and animal health. It can also damage rubber, fabric, and paint.
Polar or ground-level ozone is produced by a chemical reaction between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and organic compounds (VOCs), but they are not released directly into the atmosphere. Contaminants emitted from automobiles, power plants, industrial boilers, oil fields, chemical plants, and other sources occur when chemicals are exposed to the presence of sunlight.
In major cities, ozone reaches healthy levels on hot summer days but remains high in cold weather. Ozone can be carried by wind and distance, so ozone is strong even in rural areas.
Ground-Level Ozone can:
These effects can lead to increased absenteeism, doctor visits, emergencies, and hospitalizations. Studies have also shown that ground-level ozone may increase the risk of premature death from heart or lung disease.
Some people are more sensitive to ozone. Sensitive groups: children, the elderly, and people with lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic bronchitis. Even healthy adults who work outdoors can experience the harmful effects of ozone.
EPA’s national and regional regulations to reduce soil ozone pollution will help states and municipalities meet the agency’s national air quality standards. Operations include vehicle and transportation standards, fog and visual conditions, and regular NAXS inspections.
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